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Haute couture (; (:ot kuˈtyʁ); French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking" or "high fashion") refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing. ''Haute couture'' is high end fashion that is constructed by hand from start to finish, made from high quality, expensive, often unusual fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable sewers, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. ''Couture'' translates literally from French as "dressmaking" but may also refer to fashion, sewing, or needlework〔(Haute Couture, Its Meaning and Role in Fashion Today ) - Fashion-Era〕 and is also used as a common abbreviation of ''haute couture'' and refers to the same thing in spirit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is Haute Couture? )〕 ''Haute'' translates literally to "high". A haute couture garment is often made for a client, tailored specifically for the wearer’s measurements and body stance.〔 Considering the amount of time, money, and skill allotted to each completed piece, haute couture garments are also described as having no price tag: budget is not relevant. The term originally referred to Englishman Charles Frederick Worth's work, produced in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century.〔 In modern France, haute couture is a protected name that may not be used except by firms that meet certain well-defined standards. However, the term is also used loosely to describe all high-fashion custom-fitted clothing whether it is produced in Paris or in other fashion capitals such as London, Milan, New York or Tokyo. In either case, the term can refer to the fashion houses or fashion designers that create exclusive and often trend-setting fashions or to the fashions created. == French legal status of term == In France, the term ''haute couture'' is protected by law and is defined by the ''Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de Paris'' based in Paris. The ''chambre syndicale de la haute couture'' is defined as "the regulating commission that determines which fashion houses are eligible to be true haute couture houses". Their rules state that only "those companies mentioned on the list drawn up each year by a commission domiciled at the Ministry for Industry are entitled to avail themselves" of the label ''haute couture''. The Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne is an association of Parisian couturiers founded in 1868 as an outgrowth of medieval guilds that regulate its members in regard to piracy of styles, dates of openings for collections, number of models presented, relations with press, questions of law and taxes, and promotional activities. Formation of the organization was brought about by Charles Frederick Worth. An affiliated school was organized in 1930 called L'Ecole de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture. The school helps bring new designers to help the "couture" houses that are still present today. Since 1975, this organization has worked within the Federation Francaise, de couture, du Prêt-à-Porter des Couturiers et des Createurs de Mode.〔Calasibetta, C., Tortora, P., & Abling, B. (2002). The fairchild dictionary of fashion. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Fairchild Books.〕 The criteria for ''haute couture'' were established in 1945 and updated in 1992. To earn the right to call itself a couture house and to use the term ''haute couture'' in its advertising and any other way, members of the ''Chambre syndicale de la haute couture'' must follow specific rules; they must: * design made-to-order for private clients, with one or more fittings; * have a workshop (''atelier'') in Paris that employs at least fifteen staff members full-time; * have at least twenty full-time technical people, in at least one workshop (''atelier''); and * present a collection of at least fifty original designs to the public every fashion season (twice, in January and July of each year), of both day and evening garments. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「haute couture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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